Cisco Systems, Inc Essay Example for Free

lake herring Systems, Inc Essaycisco Systems, Inc. is an American-based transnational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology and services. Headquartered in San Jose, California, Cisco has more than 65,000 employees and annual revenue of US$40. 0 cardinal as of 2010. The stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the SP five hundred Index the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. 4 Cisco is one of the worlds biggest technology corporations. merged history One of the many buildings on the Cisco Systems campus in San Jose Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married parallel who worked as computer operations staff members at Stanford University, later joined by Richard Troiano, founded Cisco Systems in 1984. Lerner moved on to direct computer services at Schlumberger, moving full time to Cisco in 1987. The name Cisco was derived from the city name, San Fran lake herring, which is why the follows engineers insisted on using the lower case cisco in the early days.For Ciscos first product, Bosack adapted dual-protocol router software originally written some years onwards by William Yeager, another Stanford employee who later joined Sun Microsystems. The companys first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988. 5 In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO, and succeeded in 1995 by John Chambers. While Cisco was not the first company to ruin and sell a router,6 it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols. 7 As the Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted, the importance of multi-protocol routing declined.Today, Ciscos largest routers are primarily used to communicate IP packets. In 1990, the company was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Lerner was fired as a result Bosack dispense with after receiving $200 million. Most of those pro fits were given to charities and the two later divorced. Cisco acquired a concoction of companies to bring in products and talent into the company. Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom, were the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred. During the Internet smash in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion.It was the or so expensive acquisition made by Cisco to date, and only the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta has been larger. Several acquired companies have big into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), and home networking. Cisco acquired Linksys in 2003. In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than US$500 billion. 89In July 2009, with a market cap of about US$108. 3 billion,10 it is still one of the most valuable comp anies. 11 The company was a 2002-03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,citation needed a U. S. presidential honor to recognize companies for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities. In 2010, Cisco bought Starent Networks, a mobile technology company and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Ciscos Flip video camera. 12 The Company has built its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for $1 billion and 20% of Ciscos leaders will be based there.

The tragic Hero Essay Example for Free

The sad Hero EssayOedipus, the classic Greek tragedy by Sophocles, is one in which the protagonist is visualized as a tragic attack aircraft. The author does this by combining the elements of irony, psycheal tragedy and heroism. In the play, Oedipuss law showcase evokes pity be designer of his misfortune appears to be greater than he deserves hence the proofreader is left to empathise with him. His actions ar controlled by fate and the reader is left to wonder why such a terrible function is happening to such a good man. Power corrupts scarce absolute world power corrupts absolutely. Humans come along to have a common running trait, and that is one of power and heroism.The quest for heroism becomes the basis of Oedipus the female monarchs demise. If this power except gets into ones mind, the results could be detrimental, and Oedipus the King is a living testimony of this. Since his actions be controlled by fate, no calculate how hard he tries, he cannot prevent goo d or bad things from happening to him. Since fate is cannot be prevented from taking its course, his actions are quite futile. Aristotle said A tragic hero evokes our pity and terror if he is neither thoroughly good nor thoroughly devilish unless a mixture of both.The tragic put in is stronger if the hero is more mortal than we are. Oedipus is a mixture of both good and evil. In the opening delineation he is seen as a compassionate king who is intelligent and caring. Oedipus prides himself on his intelligence and it is this along with his oppugn personality that lead to his downfall. These are his good sides with his evil side being that is guilty of killing King Laois and sleeping with his own mother. Oedipus tries his best to be goodly upright with everything that he does, which is more than the average person does.Aristotle to a fault goes on to say the tragic hero suffers a change in fortune from bliss to misery because an error in judgement which leaves the tragic hero to ignore or violate a divine warning or moral law. In the play, Oedipus runs away form Corinth to Thebes and solves the riddle of the sphinx and is thus make the king of Thebes. He however marries the widowed queen and has children with her thus violating a moral law. His fortune changes from mirth to misery when he realises what he has done. A tragic hero evokes our pity because he is not evil and his misfortune is greater than he deserves.He evokes our fear because we realise we are fallible and could make the equivalent error said Aristotle. Oedipus is flawed in many ways and as a result comes pop as imperfect since he has a balance mixture of both good and evil. His fortune in saving Thebes becomes his downfall when he fulfils the oracle by sleeping with the queen, who unk todayn to him is his mother. Oedipus is imperfect and this is seen through his moral and physical flaws. He limps as a result of his feet being pinned together when he was quite young. unwittingly sleepi ng with his mother and killing his father is his moral flaw. Thus, combining the heroism of Oedipus with his flaws makes him imperfect though higher(prenominal) than the ordinary man in many ways. Sophocles portrays the result, a classic example of a tragic hero in this play. Sophocles use of irony through issue the play brings to bear on the reader the gloom of Oedipuss situation. We perpetually commence Oedipus shewing to escape the Oracle, but in doing so, ends up fulfilling it. This is seen when he says in the opening candidate Everybody everywhere knows who I am. This ironic statement is said in the opening scene of the play when Oedipus comes out to meet the hoi polloi. His true identity is unknown to him but he exclaims that everyone else knows who he is. Also, since he is such a great riddle solver, you would think he would be able to solve the riddle of his identity but he is unable to in the green goddess of overwhelming evidence, which is quite ironic. An example of the irony of his fate is when his parents try to prevent the oracle form being fulfil by sending him away to be killed.He however returns and on his way fulfils the oracle by killing his father and later on marrying his mother. It seems other to the reader that Oedipus is not more careful more or less what he does. For example, when he killed king Laois at the crossroads, he should have realised with the oracle in mind that anybody he kills is likely to be his father. He however reacts carelessly by succumbing to his emotions when the King annoys him. Oedipus returns to Thebes and saves it by solving the riddle of the sphinx. However, he leads to its destruction since he is the cause of the plague.It is destroying themes. Thus his fortune tends to be his misfortune. These examples show how Oedipus fulfils the oracle even though he is trying to escape. The reader gets a haunting glimpse into the mindset of Oedipuss wife and mother. This is portrayed to the reader through the acti ons that she takes. She is a fair sex who after all who wanted want to kill her son to prevent the oracle from being fulfilled only to find out years later that she is married to him, which leads her to commit suicide later on.She expresses her scepticism in the oracles by telling Oedipus that they are powerless, however, in the next scene she is praying to the oracles to help Oedipus to stop his obscure behaviour. Also in this scene, a messenger brings news from Corinth that Polybos is dead and Oedipus should return to Corinth. Though Oedipus is pleased about the kings death since he proves that the oracles dont come true. Yet still he refuses to return because Merope is alive. His fear is that he testament fulfil the prophecy since his mother is alive. Oedipus, remains a mystery to both the reader and himself.He does not know his true identity and this becomes the source of his demise. He comes to find out his true identity, but in doing so, his sudden tragic end is brought cl oser. The reader at this point is left to wonder, what is the way out. Unfortunately, the answer as we come to realise in the latter parts of the book is one that is not easy. Fate has already chosen Oedipuss destiny and nothing can change it. A feature of tragic plays by Shakespeare. The generator connotes a certain sombre picture and depressing mood, which is characteristic of most of Shakespearean tragedies.The employments of understatements that lead to wit are also evident in most parts of the text, and this makes for an interesting reading. For example throughout the play, there are references to sight such as, you cannot see, yet you know the nature of this plague and light, o light, light now everything is clear which are ironic because Oedipus slurs himself later on. Also, the blind prophet Teireseis knows about Oedipususs true identity but Oedipus who isnt physically blind does not know his true identity. His servant Kreon whose name means king is also an irony since h e turns form a messenger to a king.Throughout the play, there are references to sight such as, you cannot see, yet you know the nature of this plague and light light, light now everything is clear which are ironic because Oedipus blinds himself later on. Also, the blind prophet Teireseis knows about Oedipususs true identity but Oedipus who isnt physically blind does not know his true identity. His servant Kreon whose name means king is also an irony since he turns form a messenger to a king There are three hero archetypes that suit the character of Oedipus The quest, the initiation and the sacrificial scapegoat.Oedipus delivers Thebes by solving the riddle of the sphinx and thus fulfils the first archetype which is that of a hero who who solves an unanswerable riddle to save his kingdom. He does this on his journey to discover his true identity. The here and now archetype is that of the phase of separation. This happens when he leaves Thebes, is transformed and returns to become ki ng and save his kingdom. The third archetype is when in order to save Thebes he has to banish himself from the kingdom to restore it back to fruitfulness.This has the elements of a tragedy because no matter the decision he makes he it is going to be detrimental to him. Even though irony plays a crucial role, other elements such as heroism and tragedy come in the text. We find Oedipus entangled by his own principles. He is always in that twilight zone, one between word meaning of the harsh reality and total rejection of the things he goes through. The choice of the latter is detrimental to both his character and that of the people he leads and governs and he thus chooses the former remaining a true tragic hero.

Trends Now Shaping the Future of Hospitality and Travel Essay Example for Free

Trends Now Shaping the Future of Hospitality and Travel EssayEarly versions of this report predicted that the foundings population would double by 2050, and population growth has proceeded almost exactly on schedule. However, even up this estimate may be too low. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, most formalized projections underestimate both fertility and future gains in longevity.Unfortunately, the greatest fertility is found in those countries least able to support their existing people. Populations depart triple in the Palestinian Territories and Niger between 2000 and 2050 and will more than than double in Yemen, Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. In contrast, populations in most developed countries are still or declining.The united States is a prominent exception. Assessment Demographic trends such as this are among the easiest to choose and most difficult to derail.Barring a global plague or nuclear warwildcard pos sibilities that cannot be predicted with any validitythere is little chance that the population forecast for 2050 will err on the low side. Implications Rapid population growth in the united States compared with its industrialized competitors will reinforce American domination of the global economy, as the European Union falls to third place behind the United States and china. To meet human nutritional needs over the next forty years, global agriculture will have to supply as much food as has been produced during all of human history.Unless fertility in the developed lands climbs dramatically, either would-be retirees will have to remain on the job, or the industrialized nations will have to encourage even more immigration from the developing world. The third alternative is a needlelike economic contraction and lower sustentation standards.A fourth alternative is the widespread automation of serve jobs as well as manufacturing, to accomplish the work needed to support accustome d living standards. However, this requires developing of a means other than wages to distribute wealth and to provide both a living income and a fulfillingoccupation for workers and would-be workers displaced by machines and software.Barring enforcement of strict immigration controls, rapid migration will shroud from the Southern Hemisphere to the North, and especially from former colonies to Europe.A evolution percentage of job applicants in the United States and Europe will be recent immigrants from developing countries. Implications for Hospitality and Travel Rapid population growth, compared with other developed lands, will preserve Americas place at the top of the global economy, with China taking second place from the European Union. This will help to keep the hospitality and travel industries growing rapidly.2. Population of the developed world is living longer.Each generation lives longer and remains healthier than the last. Since the extraction of the twentieth vitami n C, every generation in the United States has lived three years longer than the previous one. An 80-year-old in 1950 could expect 6.5 more years of life todays 80-year-olds are likely to survive 8.5 more years.Life antepast in Australia, Japan, and Switzerland is now over 75 years for males and over 80 for females. A major occasion for this improvement is the development of new pharmaceuticals and medical technologies that are making it possible to prevent or repossess diseases that would have been fatal to earlier generations.Medical advances that slow the fundamental process of aging now face to be within reach. (This is a controversial issue within the medical community, but the evidence appears quite strong.) Such treatments could well help todays younger generations live routinely beyond the century mark. Assessment See the Assessment for Trend 1.

Macy’s Inc Case Essay Example for Free

Macys Inc Case bear witnessAnalyze the publicly-traded cockeyed Macys Inc. you are to complete a fiscal analysis. Complete the following stairs for this portion of the project 1. Obtain financial information for your firm for at least a 5 (2008-2012) year time period. This information should include income statements, balance sheets, cash-flow statements. 2. Provide a brief history of the firm You will need to do background reading about the firm in order to overhear insight into its performance and behavior. Focus this section on the who, when, where and what questions about your firms history. 3. Complete financial measures of the firm for a multi-year time period (e.g. 5 years).This should include all measures concerning the income statement, balance sheet, and cash-flow statements. 4. summary of the financial performance of the firm. Once all financial measures have been determined, an analysis of this information is crucial to understanding how rise up the firm is per forming and its current state of operations. There will be two components to this analysis a. End-Point Analysis Using the end-point methodology described in the document in the Reference Module of the Content division of the course, compare the firms current financial performance to its financial performance in the head start time frame.Describe, discuss, and analyze the changes you observe. b. Industry Comparison Obtain current industry data on the mixed financial measures you have determined for the firm. Compare the performance of the firm to the industry and describe/discuss your results. 5. restart your findings. Based on the financial analysis you have just completed, summarize your findings and draw conclusions about the changes in the financial performance/structure of the firm over time and about the current strengths of its operations.

Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Example for Free

Jonathans swifts Gul have sexrs conks EssayIn Joanthans brisks Gul give outrs Travels Part IV he uses a certain spirit to be his complete(a) example for what the hu piece race should be. With this character he then leave behind compargon to the lowest of all beings to illustrate all the faults of man. These characters in his humbug argon called the Houyhnhnms, which deplete a uniquely similar pronunciation to the word humans, and the Yahoos, who be the evil beasts of this crabby is bring that Gulliver has washed up upon. Throughout the fib as Gulliver describes the people of his home to the Houyhnhnms the checkorser begins to date stamp how Swift shines a light on all the faults that humans scram compared to a divine, simple and perfect pecker as the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver tries to distinct himself from the Yahoos of this land, who he absolutely abhors, by explaining his peoples musical modes and showing they have the ability to crusade, unlike the Yahoos. The indorser easily begins to agnize what Swift is trying to accomplish with his writings.He lets the reader take a shit their have got assumptions of the human race, but trade names the assumption really clear. Within the story Gulliver describes how his eyes had been undetermined and enlarged his understanding, which he began to view the actions and passions of man in a actually different light(puchner291). Gulliver begins to see that the thick skin, extra hair and long nails are merely the only thing separating himself from the Yahoos. This eye disruption is exactly what Swift exigencys his readers to experience and see that there are so many despicable faults and ineffective ways of animateness sentence in their society. The slow dissembling of the faults within man and headlanding of the ways of mankind are in complete alignment with the ideas and ways of the understanding, which was in short, to interrogative e rattlingthing. As Gullivers closure on the island con tinues, this questioning and examination of e really aspect of his former life continues as well.The Houyhnhnms, or voices of reason, go on to question the laws of Gullivers land. One Houyhnhnms press outs how he cannot purge contemplate how the law which was int prohibited for every mans preservation should be any mans ruin (puchner285). Swift takes a deep stab at the governments ways of workings at the time and simply shows how it is anything but erect and does not make any sense. Swift also makes a remarkable point in the focal point of womens dependables, and uses common since to show how the treatment of women of the time was entirely reckless. The voice of a Houyhnhnms explains how it would be foolish in them to give the females a different kind of education from the males (puchner298). The Houyhnhnms says how this way holds no logic, because it would leave bingle half of their people only useful for the bringing of children into the land and leave them good for nothing else (puchner298). Swift does not stop there and states how irresponsible it would be to not only leave this group short(p) but to then trust the care and upbringing of their children with these completely incompetent creatures.His reason here is very sound and unmistakable how can you expect a society to flourish if the raising of man is through by the lowest creature of their society. Gulliver tries to prove to be different form the Yahoos by the fact that he can reason. The Houyhnhnms can see straight through this and one states that when a creature pretending to reason could be capable of such enormities, he dreaded lest the corruption of that faculty might be worsened than brutality itself (puchner285). Through the Houyhnhnms response Swift dives into the depths of what humankind is capable of. He tackles how we whitethorn have the index number of reason but have abused it to the overflowing extent and instead of like the Yahoos caused destruction outward on the world we have brought corruption into the inner beings of our society. Swifts writings in Gullivers Travels question the entire makings of humankind and even the inability of people to dare to question.The Houyhnhnms are Swifts example of how humans should be but even the Houyhnhnms in their perfectness have a fault. They have no ability to question any facts or speak of the thing which is not. In Swifts story, Gulliver recants how he remembers how clayey it was for him to tucker out his master to comprehend the meaning of the word opinion, or how any fact could be brought to question because reason taught us to affirm or deny only where we are certain and beyond our knowledge we cannot do either (puchner297). Swift wants the reader to understand that you must not be afraid to come out your thoughts and what you have been taught all of your life into question, to not fear the unknown. The Houyhnhnms refuse to believe that there are nations right(prenominal) of their own island, similar to the way people refuse to think that there are opinions and answers other than their own that could be right. Swift uses his story Gullivers Travels to ignite the idea that the world as you know may not be the best of what it could be, just as the way stories have been used to teach children lessons at a young age.In Voltaires story Candide, his main character Candide is taken on a move where he is determined to find his true love Cunegonde, which he is separated form in the beginning of the story. Through his journey Voltaire has Candide also in constant search for any man that is happier than he. In the story Candide has a friend named Pangloss who is a philosopher. In the beginning of this tale Pangloss states that there cannot possibly be an effect without a cause and that things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end (puchner356). Voltaire takes these quotes throughout the story and commits Candide to question it at every chance, but is blinded by pure subjection to what his friend Pangloss has said and continues to push on. Voltaire uses the comparison of two opposites just as Jonathan Swift did in Gulliver Travels IV. Voltaire uses the land Eldorado in Candide to compare to Westphalia.Eldorado is the example of the perfect world period Westphalia is full of everything that is wrong with the world in Voltaires opinion. In this sacred Eldorado Candide and Cacambo witnesses how the people have no desire or wants for the jewels that line their streets. He states that the children of this land must be well trained, since they are taught contempt for gold and jewels (puchner381). During their dinner with their host at the hotel Candide tries to use the gold for payment but in this perfect Eldorado people are courteous and hotels are made and paid for by the state and they do not need any money. Later Candide begins to ask about religion and finds that this land has the p erfect religion where they do not have monks that dictate what they do and punish them if they do not make out their religion as they say they should (putchner383). Instead Voltaire describes a religion where people are all of the equivalent mind and can freely practice their religion (puchner282).Once Candide meets the king he finds that this perfect land has no parliament for there was no need and no prisons but they had a gallery full of places to study sciences with mathematical and physical instruments to help further knowledge (putchner383). Here you can see how Voltaire is creating a world that has no prejudices and is surrounded by the overall bettering and good of the people. Although Candide and Cacambo have found the perfect world they understood are not satisfied. This is a major flaw in man, to continue to want even after they have everything they need. In response to this, Candide and Cacambo leave and take all the riches they need that they lease will bring them h appiness but instead are presented with tragedy after tragedy that brings them right back to where they began.Candide then by losing everything somehow is reunited with all his friends and they make it to a tiny farm to live where Pangloss continues to question. He finds a philosopher that he wants to discuss the effects and causes, the best of possible worlds, the origin of evil, the nature of the soul, and pre-established uniformity (putchner412) all of which are charge examples of some of the main parts that have been in question during the Enlightenment but instead Pangloss has the door slammed in his face similar to the way man refuses to discuss these very same aspect.Pangloss still does not stop asking questions and making philosophical assumptions even to the very end of the story and after all the terrible things that had happened to him. Candide then runs into a Turk that states that most of the time the people who get involved in others business, perish terribly (putchn er413). The Turk then continues to tell Candide that he and his family cultivate their 20 ground and the work keeps them from three great evils, boredom, vice, and poverty (putchner413). Candide takes the Turks words very seriously and soon sets out his life to imitate the Turks and sets up a garden to cultivate. After meeting all the people throughout his journey he finds this man to be the only person happier than him and he had found a way to make life bearable so Candide commits to doing the same. Voltaire has much to say through his character Pangloss and Martin, about men who pack to live their lives working. Pangloss states that man was not born to take his ease and Martin comments that working without speculation is the only way of rendering life bearable.Candide finally has everything that he wanted all on their farm but sees that what he wanted and thought is not anymore what he wants or thinks. Cunegonde has lost all her beauty and he does not love her anymore and Pangl osss theory does not hold a light in Candids mind anymore. He decides to change his life and stop wanting more and make a life that is focused on one goal to cultivate his garden and not mystify about the trifles amongst the world. He then sees clearly that he makes his own happiness and others do not. The garden will keep him away from the evils in which he has met all his life. He will not have to want for food and beg, and he will only have enough for what he needs and not what he wants and this will keep his mind busy and away from boredom. popes writings differ greatly from Swifts or Voltaires. In Popes Essay on Man, he uses metrical composition to illustrate his philosophical points. The start of his essay states what can we reason but from what we know(putchner345).Pope gains the readers attention by simply saying that he is just going to examine Man. This totally is what the Enlightenment was about, to take into account all that you thought you knew and then ask yourself, is this really what I know. Pope goes to ask the question, are we the only placement or universe? He says to just observe how system into system runs(putchner345). How can we be the only world is the question he wishes to ignite in us if we just look at our world we can clearly see that we are too a system within a system and perhaps we have a purpose within this very sphere. He continues to ask question among question to further state, why are we the way we are? And are we the highest being above all on earth and if so, should we be in this place? We can see where he asks if immortal has placed him wrong and should we have the power over the world that we do (putchner345). If God has placed us in this high position then shouldnt we be perfect, but he describes free will by saying that mans as perfect as he ought and that we are as good as we let ourselves be (putchner346).The Essay on Man discusses fatality and why we do not know our own fate or more then the very page that we are on in life. If had he thy reason, would he skip and play (putchner346) and continue to live our lives if we knew how it would all end. He gives the answer that hope of the unknown is what keeps man going. He examines the Indian people, a prime example of living in the unknown for they had no sciences to let them see the planets and the universe but still remained to have God in their culture. He said they have a humbler heaven before the Europeans came to oppress their land and torment them for their gold (putchner347). Pope describes to the reader that hook is our error and we blame God for everything when we are not happy. Our pride gives us the right to think that earth is for our own use. He explains why has not man a microscopic eye, his response is simple that man is not a fly ball (putchner347). Pope wants the reader to see that God has made us the way we are and we are not meant to see that far that we are meant to inspect the earth not to understand the heavens.He end s his essay by saying that all partial evil is universal good and that whatever is, is right (putchner351). This very assertion was examined greatly by Voltaires work Candide and has been examined by many philosophers and thinkers even to this very present day. The mar of the Lock is another story written by Pope in which he also uses poem to reach the reader but in my case went over my head. He illustrates a beautiful story of a girl named Belinda that his great at playing cards and wins the heart of every man and Sylph she comes across.The Sylphs engage Belinda throughout her entire day and Pope begins to show how man has no mark over anything that happens whether that may be the folding of her sleeves or the safety of Belinda. Pope may be continuing his theory that man has his own fate but that he cannot know it and certain Powers that are out of our understand control our day to day life. That this is the way things are and it is in our best ability to be happy with the life we are given. Even the fair Belinda blessed with all the beauty in the world is not spared by fates hand. The loss of her strand of hair in the end may resemble the loss of virtue and her pride for even the perfect can be brought down.Works CitedPuchner, Martin, Suzanne Akbari, Wiebke Denecke, Vinay Dharwadke, and Barbara Fuchs. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. D. New York, London W. W. Norton Company, 2012. 269-413. Print.

Dana Hall Essay Example for Free

Dana Hall EssayDevelop an operation plan, taking into consideration the organizational context and current understanding of the issues. In this assignment, you are asked to stretch your sentiment a bit, by designing a preliminary action plan based on your abbreviation of the Dana Hall case. Instructions 1. Review the action research you have completed thus far on the Dana Hall case. 2. Design a preliminary action plan for addressing the issue at Dana Hall.Use the action mechanism Research Template (in the Resources below) to guide the development of your action plan. Your plan should o Emphasize the problem description stage (Stage 1 of the ARPP), including the generation of alternative courses of action. o Align with the problem definition. o Include analysis of the Dana Hall situation and the organizational context of the problem. o Establish alternatives and your choice for a course of action. 3. symbolize you analysis of the problem and your preliminary action plan. C hoose one of the following two options.

Both Psychoanalysis And Surrealism Unconscious Mind Psychology Essay

Both Psychoanalysis And Surrealism un conscious mind Mind Psychology EssayThe family among Surrealism and psychoanalysis female genitalia non be debated beca expend they sh atomic number 18 similarities that atomic number 18 evident. The avocation books re follow will show that both psychoanalysis and Surrealism ar based on the unconscious mind. While psychoanalysis attempts to yearulate that the human behavior is do workd by the feelings from the past that pitch been stored in the unconscious mind, Surrealism attempts to influence the thinking of the human mind by evoking the feelings of the unconscious mind by the occasion of optic artifices. It was also found go forth that the psychoanalytical theory by Sigmund Freud comes in diey in relieveing the consanguinity between the exerts of a surrealist with psychoanalysis. In sum to that, some of the surrealists works of art will be apply to show how they influence the unconscious mind.SurrealismSigmund Freud is known to be the father of psychoanalysis and through his work, the relationship between psychoanalysis and surrealism can be seen. Surrealism is a style of art and literature civilizeed mainly in the 20th century, stressing the subconscious mind or non-rational significance of imagery arrived at by automatism or unhoped juxtapositions (Cherry par. 1). People who engage in surrealism ar referred to as surrealists and the main activity that they are engaged in is art work, much(prenominal) as picture show and writing of literature.The front end of Surrealists which involved writings and visual art was most prevalent in Europe and later on spread to opposite regions such as New York lastly having an effect on music, literature, visual arts, political thought, social theory and philosophy. Surrealism grew principally come in of the earlier pascal movementwhich produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason (Cherry par. 2). In her book, Bradley states that Dada pr edated Surrealism, and Surrealism survived Dada, exclusively for a while, the two movements co-existed in a continuum of shared energy and excitement (12). The Dada movement shared a lot of similarities with Surrealism. For example, just like Surrealism, it ridicu take the way in which the way the complexities that existed in modern lifetime were buzz off to look secure through categorization and division. Dada artists declared everything to be in a regular and inventive state of flux. They were interested much in a mental attitude than an artistic movement (Bradley 12). In different words, the followers of the Dada movement dwelled mostly on activity believing that it would eventually give rise to creative thinking.A closer look at the Dada art and creativity shows that they had the object of provoking and arousing anger in the audition. However, Surrealism was touch ond with positive styles in contrast to Dada movement which was mostly negatively charged towards art. T he members of the Surrealism movement were reacting against the destruction that was caused by a rational way of thinking curiously in the European political relation and culture. The spokesman of the movement, Andre Breton, stated that Surrealism was meant to be used to reunite the unconscious and conscious experiences completely so that the moodte and fantasy manhood would unite.Through this unity, the rational world would be presented in the minds of people in such a way that there would exist not only an absolute cosmos -but also- surrealism (Bradley 14). Andre Breton first coupled the Dada movement and engaged in the experimentation of automatic writing. This kind of literature involved unprompted writing with aside the censoring of ones thoughts. As Breton continued writing, he managed to influence early(a) writers to voice him and with time they managed to make a team. It indeed dawned on them that automatic writing seemed to be an effective way of changing the soci al club rather than the Dada way of attacking values, which seemed to be negative.Breton kept on referring to the works of Freud and saw that the get-go of sight was the unconscious mind. He defined genius in marges of accessibility to this normally untapped realm, which, he believed, could be attained by poets and painters alike (Lusty 4). In that regard, great works of art and paintings have been produced today collectable to continuous thought processes and insights of the mind. In addition to that, Breton adds that the aim of Surrealism is to unite the internal reality and the external realityand refusing to allow the preeminence of one over the other (par. 5). In prescribe to gain this, both realities need to be treated in a manner that is systematic in rewrite for their reciprocal effects to be felt by individuals in an effective way.The coming together of contrasting automatic writers formed a group that had the desire to revolutionize the experiences of humans includ ing its political, social, personal and cultural aspects. They mean to do this by influencing people to be free from what they perceived as restrictive customs, false tenability and structures. Breton also added that the Surrealism is long live social revolution, and it alone (Breton par.6) A few years later, the group of writers, led by Breton formed the Surrealist Manifesto. In this manifesto, Breton defined Surrealism as Pure psychic automatism, by which it is intended to express, verbally, in writing, or by other means, the real process of thought (par.13).Surrealists have come to believe that cultures from the non-Western regions of the world are a source of continuous inspiration for the activities of surrealists since they strike a balance between mood and instrumental reason than the culture of the west. In addition, Surrealism has also had an impact on revolutionary and radical politics both indirectly and directly. The direct influence can be explained in the sense that surrealists whitethorn join or form allies with political groups, roleies or movements. On the other hand, an indirect effect occurs when surrealist baffle an emphasis on the intimate link between freeing imagination of the mind, and liberation from repressive and disused social structures (Lusty 3).Surrealists work, as stated earlier, was mostly to the highest degree automatic writing which later on dwelled on visual arts. In fact, it seemed as if the Surrealism movement was all about a visual movement due to the many an(prenominal) visual styles that were created by various artists in the movement. However, the movement came to find out that it can associate their visual images with ones individuality and at the same time use the images to bring out psychological truth. The artists did this by, for example, painting original objects that seemed to have a completely a function that is completely different from their intended use. This was do in order to evoke empathy from peo ple that surveyed it. An example of this process of a Surrealists work is the image of watches that flag as if they are melting (Bond 5). Such a work of art intends to reach deeply into the psychological science of individuals and is made whole with ones individuality (Bond 5)Psychoanalysis explores the inter familiarity between the conscious and the unconscious mind. The psychoanalysis view holds that there are inner forces outside of your cognizance that are directing your behavior (Cherry par.3) Sometimes individuals superpower act in ways that they may not be in a position to explain wherefore they act that way and yet their actions may be explained based on unresolved feelings about the past caused by specific experiences or significant people in their lives. Such feelings can be explored or triggered with the help of psychologists and help the individual gain insight into his or her behavior or problems.In the field of psychoanalysis, it is widely known that Sigmund Freud was the person who first discovered psychoanalysis and he then came up with psychoanalytical theory. Most of his theories were considered to be shocking since he dwelt on the sexual desires of human beings and attempted to explain the human behavior based on these desires, which is why his theories raised a lot of controversies and debates. Actually, his work had a major influence on many disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, art, literature and most of all, psychology. Psychoanalysis is used to refer to many aspects of Freuds work and research including Freudian therapy and the research methodology he used to develop his theories (Cherry par.4) Most of the theories that Freud formulated were mainly based on musings he made on his patients. Cherry agrees with this observation when she states that Freud relied heavily upon his observations and case studies of his patients when he formed his theory of personality development (par.5)When people are set about with thoughts tha t are immoral they engage in self reproach or some people may have paranoia towards certain images or certain people due to past experiences that are still inscribe in the subconscious mind. The purpose of paranoia is thus to fend off an idea that is incompatible with the ego, by communicate its substance to the external world (Bell 13) Many of the behaviors of human beings can be linked to their past experiences and as Bell puts it, many people face a difficulty in managing intolerable ideas that eventuate in self-reproach (14).Some people manage to delete these ideas through the process of repression but for others, self-reproach becomes self-distrust and so the obsession person continues to check and recheck his own actions (Bell 14).In addition to that, the idea will always preserve in the mind of the paranoia but the judgment that concerns the idea is transformed as reproach towards the individual that bears the idea. In this way, the individual will live thinking that peopl e are judging him because of the bad ideas that are in his mind, yet in the real sense, he has become paranoid. When an individual projects such internal objects to the environment that surrounds him or her, then it psychologists refer to it as projection and one is said to be suffering from paranoia.This example is addicted so that the strong effect of the unconscious mind is demonstrated clearly. According to psychology, many people are unaware that the unconscious mind is very alive and the thoughts that are inscribed in this begin of the genius play a significant role in shaping the general behavior of individuals. In order to clearly illustrate psychoanalysis, it is important to be in a position to differentiate the meaning of the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. These two are sections of the brain that store memory at long term or short term depending on the section.A precise definition states that the conscious mind includes everything we are aware of (Cherry par .1) When one can easily talk and think about the mental processing in his or her mind, then it is said that the individual is operating in the conscious mind. Physicians normally test the memory of their patients, especially those that have suffered a brain injury, by asking them if they can remember their names or if they can recall what happened shortly before the accident. If these patients are in a position to recall the incidents, then their memory is still intact since a section of the conscious mind includes the memory. Freud called this memory ordinary memory the preconscious (Bell 12).On the other hand, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness (Bell13) generally, psychologists say that the contents of this part of the mind are unpleasant or impossible, for instance, feelings of conflict, pain or anxiety. In addition to that, the unconscious mind will always influence our experience and behavi or even though we are unaware of these underlying influences (Bradley 4) Psychoanalysis of the human mind will so help individuals go through why they behave in a particular way and they will also find out whether the unconscious mind is influencing their behavior.Breton was always corresponding with Freud in his works and in leading the movement of Surrealism. He especially showed a deep interest and a continuous reference on the theories that were presented by Freud. A closer look at surrealists paintings will reveal that there is an interconnection between Surrealism and psychoanalysis. As discussed previously, it can be noted that Surrealism was an artistic movement which was concerned with the nature of the unconscious and its connection with creation (Bond par.1) As the surrealists aimed to break the way of thinking that was conventional, their works attempted to highlight the the role of the unconscious in creativity in order to break new ground (Bond par.1)In addition to t hat, since the surrealists had an interest in the expressions and the surgical procedure of the unconscious, and where the position of desire was in psychoanalytical theory, it was obvious that there would be attempts to associate a surrealists work with a theme that spelled out desire. In that regard, desire is treated in psychoanalytical terms. In go for of this view, Bond states that The connection between surrealism and psychoanalysis cannot be understated (par.20) since psychoanalysis was seen as the means to the independence of the mind of human beings. Since the unconscious mind is correlated with conflict, pain or anxiety, the work of surrealists, especially visual arts, attempts to evoke feelings that are associated with these three emotions. In fact, most of the work of surrealists aims to make its audience emotional and yarn-dye feelings of empathy.The main themes of Surrealism are psychoanalytic as imageed in the work of a surrealist. Lusty supports this view when s he says that a series of psychoanalytic Surrealist themes, including narcissism, fantasy, masquerade, perversion (1) From these themes, it can be said that many surrealists work depict perversion especially those that show the nudity of females. In the same light, psychoanalysis, which mainly dwells on the unconscious mind, demonstrates that this part of the brain stores up unpleasant memories some of which, according to Freud, are sexual in nature. Therefore, the way a surrealist work uses the unconscious mind for creativity in order to illustrate perversion by the use of nude paintings, may evoke associated feelings of the unconscious mind. This way, the surrealists succeeded in influencing the human mind by use of creative visual arts. Also the use of fantasy can be explained in the same way.In addition to that, the theater of Surrealists depicts the subconscious experience, moody tone and disjointed structure, sometimes imposing a unifying idea (Lusty 6) These surrealists wish t o create a theatrical form that is direct and immediate, by linking the unconscious minds of performers and spectators (Bell 12) which seems to be ritualistic. In some of these theaters, feelings, emotions and metaphysical were expressed physically thus creating a vision that seems to share similarities with the realm of dreams. thus it can be deduced that psychoanalysis has a deep interconnection with surrealists work since Surrealism depended mostly on imagination and linked it to psychoanalysis in order to produce great and creative pieces of art.ConclusionIt can therefore be noted that the relationship between psychoanalysis and surrealism is real and it affects human beings since they both deal with the subconscious mind. The literature review has shown that Breton depended on the work of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, as he led the followers of Surrealism. In addition to that, Breton showed that he fully depended on psychoanalysis as he was doing automatic writi ng and painting. In that regard, the definition of surrealism is connected with art and the subconscious mind as they work hand in hand with the aim of expressing inner thoughts and influence the way of thinking of other human beings. Therefore, it is sufficient to state that surrealists are the people who are paint and do automatic writing, also referred to as literature. Moreover, the surrealists were known to be important and they were very aggressive with their work of art since it was a way of expressing anger and ridicule to the peoples way of thinking.In other words, surrealism does not use the voice for expression but passes so many messages by the use of visual arts that seems so unique and creative. This kind of art helps surrealists to express emotions such as desire, love, hatred, despair, dissatisfaction and many more. It was also seen that they use abstract images in their work of art images that one cannot expect can be used in a particular manner. An example of this was the use of a sliding wall time on top of a table. Such are the kind of creative art that were used but with the intention of influencing the subconscious, just as psychoanalysis attempts to understand the feelings that are stored up in the subconscious.In addition, it was learnt that Surrealism grew from the Dada movement and the two movements shared some similarities. The only problem that Dada movement had is that it used its literature to attack the individuals of the society. This is what displeased Breton, who was then a member of the Dada movement and he would later eject out to be the spokesman of the Surrealism movement. Thus, the literature review has shown that Breton, together with a team of other automatic writers rebelled form the Dada movement since they were not pleased with the concept of leadership and they formed a Surrealist network that would be positive in its activities and movements instead of negative like Dada. In other words, Breton and his team chos e art, a more subtle way of passing messages, as the theme of movement. This movement would later move from Paris to other parts of the world like New York.The relationship between Surrealism and Psychoanalysis was brought out clearly in the paper by showing that they both use the subconscious mind. First and foremost, the conscious mind is that part of the brain where one can easily talk about when asked what they are thinking about. On the other hand, the unconscious mind is the part of the brain that stores up feelings and emotions associated with it and this is the part of the mind that influences behavior. Moreover, psychoanalysts who try to understand why an individual is behaving in a particular manner will always explore the mind of a patient with the aim of uncovering the stored feelings in the unconscious. Psychoanalytical theory that was invented by Sigmund Freud dwells upon the unconscious mind.Sigmund Freud has stated that the feelings that exit from the experiences al l people go through are sometimes stored in the subconscious mind. Such feelings may, in many occasions, influence the way people interpret other situations that they go through in life without being aware that the subconscious mind is the one leading them to act and think in such a manner. The kinds of feelings that are stored in this part of the mind are normally unpleasant and Freud states that most of the time, the feelings are sexual. Freud further states that some individuals engage in self-reproach whenever they experience such feelings because they believe that they are unacceptable and wrong. This is what results in paranoia where an individual is self-obsessed with fear over issues and experiences due the influence of the feelings in the unconscious mind.The paintings of Surrealists had a connection with the unconscious. This is where the relationship between Surrealism and Psychoanalysis begins. The works of surrealist was painted in such a way that they would influence t he way of thinking of human beings, which was thought to be conventional. Thus their work intended to bring out the role the unconscious mind played in creativity and thinking so that this way of expression by art, would break new ground. Moreover, it was seen that Breton kept referring to the psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud in his work so that he would use the theme in the paintings. Thus this also was an indication that there exists a relationship between Surrealism and Psychoanalysis.Furthermore, it was shown that the main themes of the Surrealists work are psychoanalytic. The kinds of themes that seemed prevalent and shared a close relationship with psychoanalysis are narcissism, perversion, fantasy and masquerade. It is especially true to note that perversion seemed to be the central theme of their work especially when they did the paintings of women, this kind of paintings has raised a lot of controversy in the world today as the Surrealists were criminate of being f eminists. Moreover, the use of perversion may evoke associated feelings with the unconscious mind that people see as unpleasant, such as paintings of nudity. In addition, theaters that displayed surrealists work intend to make a connection with the mind of the audience and this is also a concept of psychoanalysis. This is how the surrealists used visual art to influence the human mind. In fact, it was not only the theme of perversion that was used to influence their way of thinking, but also themes that would ridicule politicians and other leaders in society to change their way of leadership and lead the society and its members in the overcompensate path.