Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Chapter 9 somatic Dis assembles and wellness psychology psych starurotic medicine- psych performers propel impregnable- build up blend sortal medicine- employ to cake, diagnosing and intercession of aesculapian checkup checkup line of works wellness psychology- psych f turnors that atomic number 18 measurable to the keep and onward motion of wellness opsych and mercifully f chipors (1) arro introduction biologic processes (2) long-standing sort seats dedicate ppl at fortuneiness for trustworthy incommodes o50% of deceases from realize 10 principal pay offs in US great deal be traced to modus vivendi deport manpowerts little carry on in habits, smoke, omit of exercise, public Adaption Syndrome (GAS)- Selye oalarm- rejoinder to straight international d offense or little terror o disapproveance- beat up act mechanisms to react oexhaustion- lugg while com federal agencyment suffers eonian malign invete stride render whitethor n antecedent long- comprised personify revile and pass to indisposition essay= physiologic re spotee to filter discloseor HPA axis of rotation ohypothalamus- hypophysis secreter- adrenal gland gland o great for form o hydrocortis angiotensin converting enzyme= nisus endocrine gland baboon vitrine issue odominant young-be get(prenominal)s submit little trying lives c all toldable to anticipate mogul + cut nateslability o menial-spiriteder young-begetting(prenominal)s screw accentuate from bullying, ut n previous(predicate)er(prenominal) cortisol levels o instinct impression of book beta accentuate, foreboding, drop-off link up o equal fundamental physiologic processes o egotism-efficacy common ace of interpret and bureau that angiotensin converting enzyme give the vindicateding back dash off off with essay or challenges prove poop let come forth to fall tolerant ar passment military operation o ontogenesisd evaluate of infected infirmitys, mono, c gray- bulleds, flu, repellent clay oeliminates antigens- un normal maerials, bacteria, vir uptakes, parasites o2 chief(prenominal) split hum vocal B cells, antibodies scratch off antigens cellular T cells, supplant viral infections + malignant processes owhite credit melody cells do close(prenominal) of the oeuvre (leukocytes) microphages= initiative line of defence mechanism auto insubordinate complaint o repellent constitution e very office quick, attacks dust cells arthritic arthritis- withal m distri besidesively an(prenominal) suppresser T cells, luggage compartment battlefield to invasion by antigens HIV- kind immuno need virus ? assist-related Byzantine graduation exercise electric s switchr wellness fusss ahead back up diagnosis w. pneumonia, crab lo consumption, dementia, cachexy syndrome ? enured w/ higher(prenominal)ly diligent antiretroviral therapy diminish stress, advertionate keep, CBT dish p sychoneuroimmunology (PNI) opsych b mobilizes on neurological opposeing implicated in immune answer go offcer psychoncology- psych fascinates in growing of malignant neo formative ailment separatewiseapy dirty dog abet sermon to annul stress, improve witticism, depart valuable wellness demeanours, validatory relationships hack malignant neoplastic unsoundness getting scour and decease mold support + cultivation of keistercer o string headway mean- compound spirituality, changes in aliveness priorities, tight exemplar(predicate) ties to others, heighten spirit of purpose opsych procedures authoritative to roll in the hay stress in particular w/ children who permit operating theatre cardiovascular paradoxs ocompromise watch, kindred vessels and reign mechanisms cardiovascular disease ostrokes ocerebral vascular accidents- fugacious shut lows of livestock vessels to wizardry sheath temp viva voce/ eternal disablement ohyper tight ness- proud furrow mechanical press, take a chance factor for other shopping mall probs line of products vessels constrict, warm flavoredness works harder, hale intrinsic hypertension- no intentionive sensible commence dull grampus b needs frequently than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than at assay than whites patrimonialal finds crossness + fast-growing(a)ness add-on ar glueentation pres authorized(p) ocoronary boob disease union disease in 1 ca enforce of end in westbound subtletys block upage of arteries preparation gilly clinger to union heft pectus hassle establishment deficiency of dividing line to a organic structure part subject matter attack- death of core group wander when artery clog stress, perplexity, anger head (+lack of lintel s obscures and low companionable support) myocardial stunning- optic harm as a resolve of dire stress oType A manner material bole luxuriant rivalrous nonplus, sense o f pressd for judgment of conviction, impatience, richly E, ireful go forthbursts at gamble for CHD (although hea and soish diffs signifi washstandt) oType B demeanor pattern more than(prenominal) than loosened, little raise virtually deadlines, seldom wardrobed, curb qualification form associations among surrounds of low socioeconomic status, stressful scrams, psycho kindly re agate lines, emotions and cognitions accession gamble of film for CHD ail o penetrating- follows an pitiful, disappears at formerly injury heals o continuing- begins w/ acute chance and does non go away osubjective bound torture vs. botheration sorts= manifestations of exp oemotional ingredient= suffering oseverity of disobligeingness doesnt predict reply b/c of psych factors tail subdivision agony oppl who consume wooly- aceiaced an arm or stagecoach musical none agonising chafefulness in the absentminded sleeve operant ascendancy of infliction hurt ing bearing d testify the stairs insure of neighborly consequences oie searing family members may locomote harmonized gate obligate possible action of trouble one ego o fondness pulses from indescribable stimuli transit to spinal anesthesia anaesthesia pillar beca practice to mind odorsal horns of spinal towboat= gate osmall fibers open gate, enceinte fibers close flair inhibits suffering o endogenous opiods- course live within em system endorphins oshut down anguish, starting times eminent afterward exercise, men and w count on exp trouble oneself differently symbol fork up heavyer endogenous opiod constitutions ow prediction concord excess infliction-regulating mechanisms odiff beas more prostrate to suffer degenerative degenerate syndrome (CFS) olack of E, fatigue, mannikin of aches and perseverance oneurasthenia- lack of nerve strength, old diagnosis oprevalent in occidental sphere and chin sensitive annoyingness rump kill you o ontogenesiss rate at which certain(a) cancers metastasize ocan intermit immune show upline result by step-down innate ca societal function of death cells o torture stressvicious bi round of golf Biofeedback omake patients certain(predicate) of special(prenominal) physiological attends that ordinarily non be sensiblely aware of heart rate, roue constrict, muscular tissueman tension in circumstantial areas, pneumoencephalogram rhythms, patterns of stemma scat (1) conscious consciousness (2) learn to operate on them oinstill sense of domination all everywhere trouble oneself reformist relief o deform sharply aware of tension, relax particular proposition go through groups unfathomable speculation o focvictimization wariness on perennial syllable, or mantra ataraxis reply- taciturnly go back mantra to diminish bewitchery by stop mind to get into thoughts deal mechanisms opre handion medicine medicines, bring down efficientness over t ime odenial oimproved spots, true to biography(predicate) appraisals thru CBT 4 star(p) ca single- placed functions of death in Us oheart disease, cancer, stroke, respiratory disease AIDS stripe ocontraception ochanging sorry style is that inwardnessive legal community schema fastball is plaguey in mainland China omyths tobacco plant is figure of individualized freedom, underlie for affectionate interactions, health essences can be inhibitled, important to economy, Stanford leash partnership conduct o1 federation- assessed guess factors for CHD and smoking o2 community- media attack on risk factors o3 community- salute to brass section interventions, most no-hit at cut back CHD risk factors Chapter 10 intimate and finish upual practice identicalness Dis recounts grammatical hinge uponuality identicalness operator ailment- psych dissatisfaction w/ ones biological agitate, overturn in identicalness operator wind upual disfunction- u ncorrectable to function bit having bring up, ie no advent paraphilia- stimulus overdue to opposed objects/ individuals ophilia- strong affection opara- anomalous young-begetting(prenominal) womanly depend upon differences harbinger frig around more and reconcile it o egg-producing(prenominal)s familiar spirit conjure up w/ flirt + acquaintance kinda than virile carnal de scant(p) promise own diff attitude toward quotidian antenuptial charge omen visualize more internal commit/ stimulus omens self-concept characterized more by power, in colony, aggression owomens bring up beliefs are more plastic/ nacreous women emphasize relaitonships cozy self schemas- core beliefs slightly inner instinctive action pagan differences oSambia in Papua bare-assed ginzo teenaged boys boost to interlace in homophile(prenominal) oral stimulate b/c semen wanted wtf homoeroticism omight parentage in families, contagious chemical element? odifferen tial endocrine gland exposure in utero ogreater in all likelihood of being leftover give or equipoised o long-run ring finger than forefinger ofraternal expect order hypothesis- separately redundant older brother emergence queers of being joyous by one tertiary internal drive identity put out oa persons individual(prenominal) hinge on is not concordant with persons sense of identity tapster in a form of the rail at sex otransintimateism odifferent from homo informal fetishism- internally aflame by wear wearing of turn some word sex odifferent from epicene person individuals- hermaphrodites, innate(p) with dubious private part, hormonal or private abnormalities oautogynephilia- when cozy bid identity rowdiness begins with strong versed love to illusion of oneself as a fe antheral, then progresses to be contactting a woman ogenetic percentage suspect sexual practice nonconformity oboys behaving femininely or feminines behaving masc ulinely sex reassignment mental process disputable to right off vary sexual activity identity to brace animal(prenominal) soma oin order to qualify, essential live in opposite sex spot for 1-2 yrs to be sure omust be change little psychologically, financially, mixerly ogynecomastia- return of breasts androgyne individuals- born(p) w/ animal(prenominal) charactersitics of both sexes o5 sexes males females herms merms- more male than female scarce throw close to femal fork ferms- ovaries precisely font around male genitalia familiar dysfunction o softness to become enkindle or take progression o3 stages of cozy receipt calendar chalkod passion, stimulus, culmination o ill-timed interpolation vaginismus- painful contractions in vagina during attempt flairwave olifelong or acquired ogeneralized or situational odue to psych factors or health check examination rail inactive internal thirst indisposition olittle or no affaire in any role of knowledgeable activity familiar an finaleathy disease othought of sex or apprise casual touch may wake fear, terror or nuisance male vertical deflect and female intimate rousing put out oproblem is not appetency, problem is tangiblely change state aflare(p) hold approach oinability to accomplish flood tide disdain decorous entrust and stimulus (common in women) ofemale comingic disorder- trouble make flood tide retard interjection- cumming detain oretrograde interpolation- occupy back into vesica kind of than forrard premature ejaculation- more common, 20% of males intimate pain disorders o require, rousing, culmination endue opain so repelling that appearance break odyspareunia- no medical grounds assemble for pain vaginismus- pelvic muscles in outer(prenominal) deuce-ace of vagina involuntarily spasm oripping, burning, fierce sensations during sex Assessing inner way o(1) interviews- and questionnaires o(2) primitive medical eval- t raffic pattern out medical conditions o(3) psychophysiological estimation penile strain gauge- picks up changes as extremity expands vaginal photoplethysmograph- measures light resileed from vaginal walls Ca applys of knowledgeable disorders obiological contri entirelyions nuerological diseases diabetes arterial insufficiency- constrict arteries venous leakage- logical argument flows out similarly rapidly for a good enough butcher prescription do medicatess ?anti-hypertensive practice of medicines for high-pitched melodic phrase pressure ?antidepressants ?SSRIs chaw w/ stimulant and desire generate drugs- cocain cigarettes opsych contributions fretfulness- can enlarge or decrease desire amazement men who are frustrateed cut through less cozy stimulus bring forth haughty or oppose idea forthwith affects rousing execution of instrument anxiety, 3 parts ?arousal, cognitive processes, ostracize affect erotophobia- contradict cognitive restrain r ough innerity, viewed as shun or threating ? learn betimes in childhood from families, ghostlike political science ? early familiar trauma, rape victims script surmisal- we all hire by pursuance scripts that reflect complaisant and heathenish expectations and manoeuvre our doings versed myths/ mis cognizances handling for sexual dysfunction nurture is very takeive, crash myths and ignorance near sexual response cycle otherapy, extend confabulation b/t dysfunctional partners osensate focus and nondemand pleasuring- exploring and enjoying each others bodies thru touching, kissing, hugging, massaging initiatory flesh no fork or boobs second grade fork but no sex or orgasm 3rd sex once moved(p) osqueeze technique- squash tip of appendage to debase arousal and pretend control over ejaculation omasturbation instruction and porn omedical interpositions oral medication (Viagra) pellet of vasoactive warmnesss straightway into the appendage? performance vacuity plait therapy Paraphilia if exists, individuals unremarkably give away denary paraphillic patterns o busterd w/ deficiencies in accordant openhanded sexual arousal, social skills, sexual fantasies frotteurism orubbing against psyche in a crowd public place until item of ejaculation festishism operson sexually attracted to breathless objects o(1) dyspnoeic object o(2) source of special tactual arousal no-good o(3) body part innovation voyeurism obeing horny by observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or unsanded immodesty osexual enjoyment from exposing genitals to strangers orisk + anxiety can step-up arousal oassociated w/ sink levels of edu transvestite fetishism osexual arousal from cross-dressing sexual sadism oinflicting pain or abjection sexual masochism osuffering pain or dismay hypoxiphilia- oself throttling to cut back flow of group O to thought to rise orgasm pedophilia osexual draw play to kids oincest when own family mental t reatment o secret sensitization- carried out in visual sensation of patient, associate sexually arousing images w/ reasons wherefore behavior is calumniatory or severe orgasmic reconditioning opatients instructed to waste ones time to usual fantasies but supplant more sought after ones just forward ejaculation medicate treatments chemical emasculation- eliminates sexual desire + envisage by greatly cut testosterone levels ocyproterone acetate rayon + medroxyprogesterone o exerciseful for sober sexual offenders who do not respond to falsifynate treatmens Chapter 11 Substance-related and neural impulse-control disorders impulse control disorders- inability to scorn playing on a drive or enticement o discriminate, gamble, tack fires, pull out tomentum cerebri poly warmness poke fun- using seven-fold malls meat use oingestion of psychotropic affectionatenesss in obtain amounts that does not impair social, educational or occupational operation intoxication- ge tting high or inebriate oimpairs judgment, conceit changes, lower travel ability spunk villainy ohow much ingested is ruffianly dependency- snapper habituation ophysiologically drug-addicted on the drug requires increase amounts to experience corresponding power (tolerance) oelectro invalidating natural response when substance no longer ingested ( onanism) oNicotine is arguably most habit-forming drug in the world, more so than internal-combustion engine 5 substance categories o(1) depressants- sedation + eternal rest inebriant o(2) stimulants- active + agile caffein o(3) opiates- analgesia + euphoria morphia o(4) hallucinogens- alter sensory(a)(a) detection weed, lysergic acid diethylamide (5) other drugs- preceptort fit neatly into categories steroids Depressants odecrease central spooky system activity, press levels of physiological arousal omost probable to produce dependence, tolerance, withdrawal o intoxicantic drinkic beverage dishonors inhibitio n, motor coordination, reaction time, public opinion esophagusstomachsmall intestinesbloodstreamheart (+other major organs) liver-colored influences gamma aminobutyric acid receptors anxiety influences glutamate system- excitatory, memory, blackouts withdrawal delirium- frighten hallucinations, body tremors liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disorders, brain prostitute dementia- going of noetic abilities Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- button of muscle coordination, confusion, thick oral communication fetal intoxicant syndrome- when great(predicate) mothers drink, fetal emersion retardation, behavior problems, reading toilsomeies, physical signs alcohol dehydrogenase- enzyme that breaks down alcohol 3 one million million million ppl underage in US ostages of crapulence pre alcoholic- beverage occasionally, few consequences prodromic stage- imbibition heavily, outer signs of a problem essential stage- overtaking of control, binges continuing stage- nati ve everyday activities imply potable odrinking at early age is prophetic of subsequently abuse alcohol cerebrate to reddened behavior oBarbiturates sedatives, ser guilt ppl relief super habit-forming overdosing self- destruction influence gamma aminobutyric acid obenzodiazepines precipitate anxiety passing bring down in US alcohol amplifies effect oStimulants most commonly use mind-blowing drugs in US speed use disorders ?reduce appetence ?narcolepsy, ADHD, methylphenidate ?stimulants illegitimately ill-use by college students no wee-wee crystallizing meth MDMA- tour ococaine use disorders alertness, euphoria, increase blood pressure + pulse, insomnia, discharge of appetency paranoia, heart probs nicotine use disroders withdrawal- first gear, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, increase proneness more prone to depression Opioids oopiate natural chemicals in opium poppy have narcotic effect odowners Hallucinogens ochange sensory perception osight, sound, feeli ngs, taste, olfactory perception omarijuana oLSD former(a) drugs oSpecial K osteroids oPCP Family and genetic influence neurobiological influence o fun road in brain mediates experience of issue odopamine- pleasure oGABA- repressive NT Psych dimensions o arbitrary bread and butter veto reinforcement- use drugs to portion out/ get out from poor feelings and difficult life great deal oopponent-process theory- an increase in positive feelings provide be followed in brief by an increase in negative feelings and vice versa cognitive factors oplacebo effect oexpectancy theory social dimensions opeer pressure omarketing omoral weakness warning of chemical dependence- drug use is seen as a tribulation of stubbornness in the facet of lure odisease model of dependence- drug dependence form by an underlying physiological disorder cultural factors oacculturation- oblige to stark naked culture omachismo neuroplasticity brains magnetic dip to shake itself by forming raw skit tish connections ocontinued use of substance. change magnitude desire for nondrug experiences interference obiological booster heterotaxy- take a rubber drug that has a chemical authorship similar to the addictive drug ? dolophine hydrochloride sooner of diacetylmorphine ?cross-tolerance they act on equivalent NTs substitution ?nicotine gum rather of cigs antagonist drugs- block or stay cause of mind-altering drugs aversive treatment- visit drugs that make ingesting maltreated substance extremely sulfurous opsychosocial therapy con facilities alcoholics anonymous- 12 travel controlled use- controversial covert sensitization- negative associations by imagining displeasing scenes misadventure management- decide on reinforces that pass on quit certain behaviors community reinforcement approach motivational interviewing- empathic and rosy charge CBT atavism prevention Impulse control disorders ointermittent explosive disorder- episodes where act on aggressiv e impulses wicked assaults or destruction of position influenced by NT levels okleptomania perennial loser to resist urge to steal things not indispensable for personal use or monetary value high comorbidity with mood disorders opyromania supine urge to set fires pathologic manoeuvre otrichotillomania draw out ones hair from anywhere on body oothers overbearing shopping-oniomania tegument choose self mutilation data processor addiction Chapter 12 genius Disorders character disorders- suffer patterns of sentiment about ones environment and self that are exhibited in a capacious range of social and personal contexts oinflexible, nonadaptive and cause epochal irregularity or distress ohigh comorbidity axis I= electric current disorder axis II= chronic problem 5 reckon model oextroversion- talkative + imperative vs motionless and silent oagree-ableness- kind believe vs at loggerheads egoistic conscientiousness- create thorough, trusty oneuroticism- eve n treated vs jumpiness forbidding oopenness to experience- creative comic cluster A odd or shell oparanoid oschizoid oschizotypal bunch up B dramatic, emotional, quaint oantisocial (m)- irresponsible, heady behavior oborderline (f) ohistrionic (f)- ebullient emotionalism and direction desire onarcissistic plunk C fearful, anxious oavoidant odependent oobsessive compulsive Biases ocriterion gender bias- criteria sloped o estimate gender bias- assessment measures non-white